التحول الكبير في الاستراتيجية الأمن

التحول الكبير في الاستراتيجية الأمنية والسياسة الخارجية والعسكرية اليابانية وإنعكاسات على دول مجلس التعاون
الدكتور راشد أبانمي
[e-mail]
كانت اليابان حليفة بريطانيا في الحرب العالمية الأولى واصبحت قوة عظمى، ولكن بمواصلة اليابان نهجها في تقليد الغرب وتوسيع رقعة مستعمراتها تصادمت مع حليفتها السابقة، وأمريكا مما إضطرها للتحالف مع هتلر، نتج عنه الدمار الكامل وفقدان كل ما بنته في عقود ووقعت معاهدة إستسلام تنبذ فيه استخدام القوة في الخارج وتضمن ذلك المادة التاسعة من الدستور الياباني بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية.
وبإستفحال الحرب الكونية ضد الارهاب، وجدت حكومة اليابان الحالية تحت قيادة شينزو آبيه وبموافقة بل بتشجيع من الولايات المتحدة التي تخوض تلك الحرب الكونية، ونفسها مضطرة الى تحرير نفسها من قيود المادة التاسعة من الدستور الياباني وتمت الموافقة بالإتساع في التفسير المادة التاسعة من الدستور الياباني الذي تبناه الحزب الليبرالي وحليفه الأصغر في الائتلاف الحاكم حزب كوميتو الجديد، وموافقة مجلس الوزراء رسمياً على المسودة النهائية لمشروع تغيير تفسير المادة التاسعة من الدستور في خطوة تتيح للبلاد ممارسة حق "الدفاع الذاتي الجماعي لليابان" هو تحولاً جذرياً في السياسة الدولية لليابان وتغييراً جذرياً في السياسة الأساسية لليابان أي ”سياسة الدفاع فقط“ التي تمسكت بها حتى الآن مما سيسمح لجيشها بالقتال في الخارج للمرة الأولى منذ الحرب العالمية الثانية.
ويستند التغيير الجذري الذي تم إقراره في تفسير الدستور الياباني الى "الظروف الأمنية والمتغيرات المتسارعة بشكل متلاحق المحيطة باليابان" ويعطي اليابان حق "ممارسة الدفاع الذاتي الجماعي" مما سيسمح أو يؤهل اليابان، إذا أرادت، بأن تكون قادرة علي القيام بهجوم مضاد حتى ولو لم تتعرض هي للهجوم بشكل مباشر، أي في حالة تعرض أحد الدول الحليفة لليابان للهجوم، من مبدأ "ممارسة حق الدفاع الذاتي الجماعي" مما يجعل تأثير ذلك القرار وانعكاساته تتعدى البيئة الأقليميه لليابان الى البيئة او البعد الدولي، نظراً لأن أمن اليابان القومي و"حقوق وحرية وسعادة الشعب الياباني " يشمل أمنها الإقتصادي وبالتالي فالهجوم المسلح ضد دولة أجنبية قد يهدد بقاء اليابان تتحدد وفقا لهدف الهجوم ومداه وطريقته وبالتالي يخول اليابان بالهجوم المسلح ضد دولة أجنبية تهدد دولة أجنبية أخرى لها روابط وثيقة مع اليابان "تنعكس آثاره وتهديداته على بقاء الأمة اليابانيه أو يقوض حقوق وحرية وسعادة الشعب الياباني بشكل جذري". ومن بين التغييرات أيضا إلغاء الحدود الجغرافية للدعم الدفاعي الياباني للجيش الأمريكي والجيوش الأجنبية الأخرى بعد أن كان يقتصر فيما سبق على الحالات الطارئة في شبه الجزيرة الكورية
إن تأهيل اليابان بإستخدام القوة من مبدأ "حق الدفاع الذاتي الجماعي لليابان" كإجراء دستوري حددها قرار مجلس الوزراء التفسيري في حال توفر حالات أو شروط ثلاثة وهي: (١) تعرض دولة أجنبية لها روابط وثيقة مع اليابان لهجوم مسلح تنعكس آثاره وتهديداته على بقاء الأمة اليابانيه أو يقوض حقوق وحرية وسعادة الشعب الياباني بشكل جذري، (٢) عدم توفر وسائل أُخرى مناسبة لحماية المجتمع الياباني لتلك الانعكاسات، (٣) استخدام الحد الأدنى من القوة لردع ذلك الهجوم.
ونظراً لأن المادة التاسعة من الدستور الياباني قد تم تبنيها بعد هزيمة اليابان في إتفاقية الاستسلام مع الولايات المتحده، فقد أشار القرار بأن الحكومة اليابانيه ستقوم ا في المستقبل بمراجعة ”المبادئ الخاصة للتعاون في مجالات الدفاع بين اليابان والولايات المتحدة“ على أساس ممارسة حق الدفاع الذاتي الجماعي، وستقوم بإعادة صياغة التشريعات والقوانين المتعلقة بقوات الدفاع الذاتي، والحفاظ على الأوضاع الأمنية والمناطق المحيطة.
ووفقاً للتفسير الجديد، فإنه في حال تعرضت دولة أجنبية لها روابط وثيقة مع اليابان لهجوم مسلح وإتضح أن هناك: (أ) خطر يهدد بقاء اليابان أو (ب) يقوض حقوق الشعب بشكل جذري، فسيستخدام الحد الأدنى الضروري من السلطة في حق الدفاع الذاتي الجماعي بما يتوافق مع الدستور ويخضع للقانون الدولي ويتطلب اعداد القوانين المناسبة حتى تستطيع قوات الدفاع الذاتي أن تحمي أسلحة القوات الأمريكية التي تقوم بحماية اليابان. وتمكين قوات الدفاع الذاتي بالقيام بتقديم الدعم اللوجيستي لقوات دولة أجنبية في غير أماكن القتال.
ولقد أثار إقرار التفسير الدستوري الجديد انقساما حاداً في الآراء في البرلمان، فالمعارضة تدعو الى عدم ألاتعتراف بالتفسير الجديد للمادة التاسعة من الدستور وتطالب بالاحتكام لرأي الشعب أي بالإستفتاء ولا يقتصر إقراره عن طريق مجلس الوزراء فقط، نظراً لأنه يغيير السياسة الأساسية لليابان أي ”سياسة الدفاع فقط“ التي تمسكت بها حتى الآن وأن تبعاته مصيريه تجعل من اليابان دولة قادرة على شن الحروب. كما أن الانقسامات في الرأي تخطى البرلمان الى المجالس المحلية، وفي أوساط الخبراء الأكاديميين ووسائل الإعلام، بين مؤيد ومعارض. ولكن تبقى الكتلة الحاكمة هي التي تمثل الأغلبية.
وتحاول الحكومة اليابانية بتهدئة الآراء المتشنجه حيال هذا التغيير والخشية من أن اليابان ستسير على نهج حكومات اليابان العسكرية في بداية القرن العشرين، حيث التحول إلى القوة العسكرية والاعتماد عليها لدعم الاقتصاد والتخلص من الأزمة الاقتصادية التي تحاصر اليابان. ولكن الحكومة تؤكد على أن محبة اليابان للسلام يحتم بالضرورة حق الدفاع الذاتي الجماعي لليابان وبعدم وجود نوايا لإستخدام القوة العسكرية في المستقبل من أجل حماية دولة أجنبية وان ذلك التغيير سيسهم في تعزيز التحالف الياباني الأمريكي في الحفاظ على السلام و حماية أمن المنطقة.

الدورالإيجابي لدول مجلس التعاون
لاشك بأن الحرب الكونية ضد الارهاب تدور رحاها في منطقة الشرق الأوسط، وخصوصاً حول منابع النفط التي هي من أهم أهداف الإرهابيين، وعليه فإنه مما لاشك فيه أن قيام اليابان بتبني تلك الاستراتيجية والتوسع في تفسير المادة التاسعة من الدستور تطلب الموافقة الصريحة من الولايات المتحدة التي هي من فرض تلك المادة على اليابان، وهي في نفس القائدة وزعيمة التحالف ضد الإرهاب، أي أنها من شجعت تبني تلك الخطوة، ولكن الحكومة اليابانية وكذلك الولايات المتحدة يعلمون بأن تغيير البنية الفكرية اليابانية بعد أكثر من سبعون سنه من التأقلم والعيش بسلام سيكون صعباً على الأقل على المدى القصير من هنا نرى أن التفسير ركز على نقطة مهمة ربما مع بعض الإجراءات والتعاون بين اليابان ودول الخليج سيلبي موافقة المجتمع الياباني في إنخرا

結果 (英語) 1:

The big shift in security strategy and foreign policy and military Japanese and implications for GCC countriesDr. Rashid [e-mail] was an ally of Britain in the first world war and became a great power, but to continue its tradition of West Japan and expand colonies clashed with former ally, America forcing the Alliance with Hitler, resulting in the complete destruction and the loss of everything built into contracts and signed a treaty renouncing the use of force surrender abroad including article nine of the Japanese Constitution after World War II.Cosmic war against terrorism and with seriousness, the current Government under the leadership of Japan Shinzo Abe and consent, but with the encouragement of the United States in that war, Cosmic, and compelled to free itself from the constraints of article nine of the Japanese Constitution was approved to expand even in the interpretation of article 9 of the Japanese Constitution adopted by the Liberal Party and smaller allies in the ruling coalition new komeito party, and the Cabinet's approval on the final draft of the project to change the interpretation of article 9 of the Constitution, a move allowing the country to exercise the right of self-defense " Japan's collective "is a radical shift in international politics of Japan and a radical change in the basic policy of Japan which" only defense policy "held so far, which would allow the army to fight abroad for the first time since World War II.And based on the approved a radical change in the interpretation of Japan's Constitution to "security conditions and the rapid changes successively surrounding Japan" Japan gives the right to "exercise" collective self-defense, which would allow or populated Japan, if she wants to be able to do an attack even if they are not attacked directly, i.e. If one of the Japan's allies to attack, the principle of the "right of collective self-defense" which makes the impact of the decision and its implications go beyond Japan's regional environment to environment or international dimension, since For the security of Japan and the "rights and freedom and happiness of the Japanese people" includes economic security and therefore the armed attack against a foreign State could threaten the survival of Japan shall be determined according to the target of the attack and the extent and method therefore gives Japan an armed attack against a foreign State threatens another foreign State having close links with Japan "reflected excitation and his threats to the survival of the nation of Japan or undermine the rights and freedom and happiness of the people of Japan drastically." Among the changes also eliminate geographic boundaries of Japan Defense support u.s. military and other foreign armies that were previously limited to emergency situations on the Korean peninsulaThe rehabilitation of Japan using the power of the principle of "right of collective self-defense of Japan" as a constitutional procedure established by Council of Ministers resolution explanatory if situations or three conditions: (1) the foreign State having close links with Japan for an armed attack reflected its threats to the survival of the nation of Japan or undermine the rights and freedom and happiness of the people of Japan drastically, (2) the lack of other appropriate means to protect Japanese society of those reflections, (3) the minimum use of force to deter the attack.Given that article 9 of the Japanese Constitution adopted after Japan's defeat in the surrender with the United States, he pointed out that the Japanese Government will a future revision "principles for cooperation in defense between Japan and the United States" on the basis of the exercise of the right of collective self-defense, and would rewrite the legislation and laws on self-defense forces, and maintain the security conditions and the surrounding areas.According to the new interpretation, in the event of a foreign State having close links with Japan for an armed attack and it turns out there are: (a) danger to the survival of Japan or (b) undermine the rights of the people of radically vsistkhdam the minimum necessary power against collective self-defense in accordance with the Constitution and under international law requires preparation of appropriate legislation so that the SDF can protect weapons u.s. troops are protecting Japan. And enable the self-defense forces to provide logistical support to foreign forces in non-combat areas.And the adoption of constitutional interpretation raised the new severe split views in Parliament, opposition calls for not alatatrav the interpretation of article 9 of the Constitution and demanding access to the people and not just a referendum approved by the Council of Ministers only, since it changes the fundamental policy of Japan which "only defense policy" that stuck out so far and that fateful consequences, make Japan a State capable of waging war. The divisions of opinion, skip to the local councils, Parliament and among academic experts and media, between supporters and opponents. But the ruling bloc a majority.The Japanese Government is trying to calm the tense about this change opinions and fear that Japan is going to approach the Government of Japan in the early twentieth century, where the transition to military power and reliability to support the economy and get rid of economic crisis surrounding Japan. But the Government maintains that Japan's love for peace is necessarily the right of collective self-defense of Japan and there is no intention to use military force in the future to protect the foreign State and that this change will contribute to strengthening the Japan-us Alliance to maintain peace and protect the security of the region.The time the positive cooperation CouncilThere is no doubt that the global war against terrorism in the Middle East region, especially around the sources of oil which is one of the most important goals of the terrorists, and therefore no doubt that Japan's adoption of such a strategy and the expansion of the interpretation of article 9 of the Constitution requires the express consent of the United States of imposing such article on Japan, which is in the same Commander and leader of the coalition against terrorism, which it encouraged the adoption of such a step, but the Japanese Government and the United States know that changing the structure of intellectual Japanese after more than seventy years to adapt to and live in peace will be difficult, at least in the short term from here we see that the explanation focused on the important point perhaps with some procedures and cooperation between Japan and the Gulf States will meet the approval of Japanese society at ankhra

結果 (英語) 2:

Major shift in security strategy the Japanese foreign and military policy and the implications for the GCC
Dr. Rashid Obanme
[e-mail]
Japan was an ally of Britain in World War I and became a great power, but to continue Japan's approach in the tradition of the West and expand its colonies clashed with former ally, and America forcing it to an alliance with Hitler, resulting in total destruction and the loss of everything built in decades and signed the surrender treaty which renounces the use of force abroad and ensure that Article Nine of the Japanese constitution after World War II.
and Bastvhal the global war against terrorism, the current Government of Japan found under the leadership of Shinzo his father and with the consent but with the encouragement of the United States, which is locked in that global war, and felt compelled to free themselves of Article Nine of the Japanese Constitution limits were approved to widen the interpretation of Article Nine of the Japanese constitution, which was adopted by the Liberal Party and smaller ally, the New Komeito ruling coalition, and the approval of the Board Officially Minister on the final draft of the project to change the interpretation of Article IX of the Constitution, a move that allows the country to exercise the right of "collective self-defense of Japan" is a radical shift in international politics to Japan and change radically in the basic policy for Japan any "only defense policy" which stuck out so far, which will allow for its army to fight abroad for the first time since World War II.
based radical change, which was adopted in the interpretation of the Japanese Constitution to "security conditions and variables accelerated successively surrounding Japan" and gives Japan the right to "exercise collective self-defense", which will allow or qualifies Japan, if it wanted, to be able to do a counter-attack even if it is not attacked directly, ie, in case the one allied to Japan to attack countries, of the principle of "exercising the right of collective self-defense," which makes the impact of that decision and its implications go beyond the regional environment of Japan to the environment or international dimension , because the security of Japan's national and "human freedom and happiness of the Japanese people" includes economic security and therefore the armed onslaught against a foreign country may threaten the survival of Japan is determined according to the target of the attack, extent and manner and hence Japan authorizes the armed attack against a foreign country and other foreign countries threaten its close ties with Japan "The effects are reflected his threats to the survival of the Japanese nation or undermine the rights and the freedom and happiness of the Japanese people drastically." Among the changes is also the geographical boundaries of the abolition of defensive support Japanese for the US Army and other foreign armies after it was limited in the past to emergency situations on the Korean peninsula
that the rehabilitation of Japan using the power of the principle of "the right of collective self-defense of Japan" constitutional measure set by the Council of Ministers interpretative decision in If cases or conditions provide three, namely: (1) displays a foreign country and its close ties with Japan links to an armed attack reflected effects and threats to the survival of the Japanese nation or undermine the rights and the freedom and happiness of the Japanese people drastically, (2) the lack of other appropriate means to protect Japanese society to those reflections, and (3) minimal use of force to deter the attack.
Because Article Nine of the Japanese constitution has been adopted after Japan's defeat in the agreement of surrender with the United States, the decision pointed out that the Japanese government will be a future review of the "special principles of cooperation in Defense areas between Japan and the United States "on the basis of the exercise of the right of collective self-defense, and will re-drafting of legislation and laws relating to self-defense forces, and to maintain the security situation and the surrounding areas.
According to the new interpretation, it if had been a foreign country has close ties with Japan to an armed attack and it turned out that there is: (a) a threat to Japan's survival or (b) radically undermines the rights of the people, Vsasthaddam minimum necessary power in the right of collective self-defense in accordance with the Constitution and the subject of international law and requires the preparation of appropriate laws until the Self-Defense Forces can protect weapons US troops are protecting Japan. And to enable the Self-Defense Forces to carry out to provide logistical support for the forces of a foreign state in the non-places of the fighting.
The adoption of the new constitutional interpretation sparked a sharp division of opinion in Parliament, the opposition calls for non-Olatatrav new interpretation with Article IX of the Constitution and demands by appealing to the opinion of the people any referendum or approved only for by the Council of Ministers only, since it Agier basic policy for Japan any "only defense policy" which stuck out so far and that the fateful consequences of Japan make the state is able to wage war. The divisions of opinion in Parliament Skip to local councils, and among academic experts and the media, between supporters and opponents. But the ruling bloc is representing the majority remain.
The Japanese government is trying to calm the views convulsive about this change and the fear that Japan will go to the military governments of Japan's approach at the beginning of the twentieth century, where the transition to military force and relied upon to support the economy and get rid of the economic crisis that surround Japan. But the government emphasizes that love Japan Peace necessarily requires the right of collective self-defense of Japan and that there is no intent to use military force in the future in order to protect a foreign country and that this change will contribute to strengthening the Japan-US alliance in maintaining peace and security in the region protection. Alldoralaijaa of the Gulf Cooperation Council There is no doubt that the global war against terrorism being waged in the Middle East region, especially around the oil wells, which are the most important objectives of the terrorists, and therefore it is no doubt that the establishment of Japan to adopt such a strategy and the expansion of the interpretation of Article IX of the Constitution require the explicit consent of the United States, which is of the imposition of that article on Japan, which is in the same commander and leader of the coalition against terrorism, that is from encouraged the adoption of such a move, but the Japanese government as well as the United States know that the Japanese intellectual structure change after more than seventy years to adapt and live in peace will be difficult, at least on short term we see here that the explanation focused on the important point perhaps with some of the actions and cooperation between Japan and the Gulf states will meet the approval of the Japanese community in Ankra

結果 (英語) 3:

A major shift in the Japanese security strategy and foreign policy, military and Reflections on the Gulf Cooperation Council and Dr. Rashid abanmai

[e-mail]
Japan was an ally of Britain in world war first and become a superpower, but Japan is continuing its tradition of the west, and expansion of its colonies had clashed with former ally, America thus Adtrha's alliance with Hitler, resulting in mass.The loss of all his daughter in contracts and signed the surrender treaty renouncing the use of force out that article ninth of the constitution of Japan after World War second.
Wbastfhal current under the leadership of the global war against terrorism, the government of Japan Shinzo Abe's approval but also encouraged by the United States involved in this global fight, but have to. To free themselves from the restrictions of article ninth of the ConstitutionBalatsa interpretation of article ninth of the Japanese Constitution was approved by his ally, the smaller Liberal Party in the ruling coalition New Komeito party, and of the Council of Ministers formally the final draft of the change